Repairs can then be made (probably by the mechanism of homologous recombination). All that is needed is to form a loop so that the two sequences line up side-by-side. This orientation and redundancy may help ensure that a deleterious mutation in one copy of the set can be repaired using the information in another copy of that set. (The dashes represent the thousands of base pairs that separate adjacent palindromes.) The human Y chromosome contains 7 sets of genes - each set containing from 2 to 6 nearly-identical genes - oriented back-to-back or head-to-head that is, they are inverted repeats like the portion shown here. Inverted repeats at either end of retroviral gene sequences aid in inserting the DNA copy into the DNA of the host.The DNA of many transposons is flanked by inverted repeats such as this one:ĥ' GGCCAGTCACAATGG.~400 nt.CCATTGTGACTGGCC 3'ģ' CCGGTCAGTGTTACC.~400 nt.GGTAACACTGACCGG 5'.Transcription factors are often dimers of identical proteins homodimers so it is not surprising that each member of the pair needs to 'see' the same DNA sequence in the same orientation.

The DNA sequence shown above is that of the glucocorticoid response element where n represents any nucleotide. The DNA to which transcription factors bind.(The dashes represent the thousands of base pairs that separate adjacent palindromes.) CTCCCACAACCCATGGGA TTTGTG. disorder, converted a 6-base palindrome into an 8-base palindrome that could be recognized and bound by TFs expressed in the brain28. The human Y chromosome contains 7 sets of genes each set containing from 2 to 6 nearly-identical genes oriented back-to-back or head-to-head that is, they are inverted repeats like the portion shown here. In these cases, two different segments of the double helix read the same but in opposite directions. Palindromic sequences in the genome are essentially.

6 base palindromic sequence